The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In 1849 a state constitution was written. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands ( Hawaii), and Latin America in late 1848. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial.
The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation and the California genocide. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W.
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